tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-72168209090139252002024-02-08T10:47:04.227-08:00Boarding PutraBoarding SMPIhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14642224153666529552noreply@blogger.comBlogger8125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7216820909013925200.post-60245439265986012282011-03-14T16:40:00.001-07:002011-03-14T16:40:15.691-07:00Tata Nama Biologi<div style="border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 14.4pt; mso-outline-level: 1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 21.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Tata nama biologi<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tata nama dalam biologi</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> telah mengalami perubahan berkali-kali semenjak manusia mencatat berbagai jenis organisme. <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plinius_(Tua)" title="Plinius (Tua)"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Plinius</span></a> dari masa <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekaisaran_Romawi"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Kekaisaran Romawi</span></a> telah menulis sejumlah nama tumbuhan dan hewan dalam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedia"><span style="color: #0645ad;">ensiklopedia</span></a> yang dibuatnya dalam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Latin"><span style="color: #0645ad;">bahasa Latin</span></a>. Sistem penamaan organisme selanjutnya selalu menggunakan bahasa Latin dalam tradisi pencatatan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eropa"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Eropa</span></a>. Hingga sekarang sukar dijumpai sistem penulisan nama organisme yang dipakai dalam tradisi Arab atau Tiongkok. Kemungkinan dalam tradisi ini penulisan nama menggunakan nama setempat (nama lokal). Keadaan berubah setelah cara penamaan yang lebih sistematik diperkenalkan oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolus_Linnaeus"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Carolus Linnaeus</span></a> dalam kitab yang ditulisnya, <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systema_Naturae"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Systema Naturae</span></a></i> ("Sistematika Alamiah").<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-outline-level: 2; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tata nama binomial</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tata nama binomial</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (<i>binomial</i> berarti 'dua nama') merupakan aturan penamaan baku bagi semua <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme"><span style="color: #0645ad;">organisme</span></a> (makhluk hidup) yang terdiri dari dua kata dari sistem <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taksonomi"><span style="color: #0645ad;">taksonomi</span></a> (biologi), dengan mengambil nama </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genus"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">genus</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan nama <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spesies"><span style="color: #0645ad;">spesies</span></a>. Nama yang dipakai adalah nama baku yang diberikan dalam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Latin"><span style="color: #0645ad;">bahasa Latin</span></a> atau bahasa lain yang dilatinkan. Aturan ini pada awalnya diterapkan untuk </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungi"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">fungi</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan"><span style="color: #0645ad;">tumbuhan</span></a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewan"><span style="color: #0645ad;">hewan</span></a>oleh penyusunnya (Carolus Linnaeus), namun kemudian segera diterapkan untuk <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakteri"><span style="color: #0645ad;">bakteri</span></a> pula. Sebutan yang disepakati untuk nama ini adalah 'nama ilmiah' (<i>scientific name</i>). Awam seringkali menyebutnya sebagai "nama latin" meskipun istilah ini tidak tepat sepenuhnya, karena sebagian besar nama yang diberikan bukan istilah asli dalam bahasa latin melainkan nama yang diberikan oleh orang yang pertama kali memberi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pertelaan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Pertelaan (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">pertelaan</span></a> atau deskripsi (disebut <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deskriptor&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Deskriptor (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">deskriptor</span></a>) lalu dilatinkan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penamaan organisme pada saat ini diatur dalam <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peraturan_Internasional_bagi_Tata_Nama_Botani&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Peraturan Internasional bagi Tata Nama Botani (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Peraturan Internasional bagi Tata Nama Botani</span></a></i> (ICBN) bagi tumbuhan, beberapa alga, fungi, dan lumut kerak, serta fosil tumbuhan; <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peraturan_Internasional_bagi_Tata_Nama_Zoologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Peraturan Internasional bagi Tata Nama Zoologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Peraturan Internasional bagi Tata Nama Zoologi</span></a></i> (ICZN) bagi hewan dan fosil hewan; dan <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peraturan_Internasional_bagi_Tata_Nama_Prokariota&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Peraturan Internasional bagi Tata Nama Prokariota (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Peraturan Internasional bagi Tata Nama Prokariota</span></a></i> (ICNP). Aturan penamaan dalam biologi, khususnya tumbuhan, tidak perlu dikacaukan dengan aturan lain yang berlaku bagi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tanaman_budidaya&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tanaman budidaya (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">tanaman budidaya</span></a> (<i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peraturan_Internasional_bagi_Tata_Nama_Tanaman_Budidaya&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Peraturan Internasional bagi Tata Nama Tanaman Budidaya (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Peraturan Internasional bagi Tata Nama Tanaman Budidaya</span></a></i>, ICNCP).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 3.6pt; mso-outline-level: 3;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aturan penulisan</span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aturan penulisan dalam tatanama binomial selalu menempatkan nama ("epitet" dari <i>epithet</i>) genus di awal dan nama ("epitet") spesies mengikutinya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nama genus SELALU diawali dengan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Huruf_kapital&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Huruf kapital (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">huruf kapital</span></a> (huruf besar, <i>uppercase</i>) dan nama spesies SELALU diawali dengan huruf biasa (huruf kecil, <i>lowercase</i>).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penulisan nama ini tidak mengikuti tipografi yang menyertainya (artinya, suatu teks yang semuanya menggunakan huruf kapital/balok, misalnya pada judul suatu naskah, tidak menjadikan penulisan nama ilmiah menjadi huruf kapital semua) kecuali untuk hal berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. Pada teks dengan huruf tegak (huruf latin), nama ilmiah ditulis dengan huruf miring (huruf italik), dan sebaliknya. Contoh: <i>Glycine soja</i>,<i>Pavo muticus</i>. Perlu diperhatikan bahwa cara penulisan ini adalah konvensi yang berlaku saat ini sejak awal <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ke-20"><span style="color: #0645ad;">abad ke-20</span></a>. Sebelumnya, seperti yang dilakukan pula oleh Carolus Linnaeus, nama atau epitet spesies diawali dengan huruf besar jika diambil dari nama orang atau tempat.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. Pada teks tulisan tangan, nama ilmiah diberi garis bawah yang terpisah untuk nama genus dan nama spesies.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 66.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nama lengkap (untuk hewan) atau singkatan (untuk tumbuhan) dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deskriptor&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Deskriptor (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">deskriptor</span></a> boleh diberikan di belakang nama spesies, dan ditulis dengan huruf tegak (latin) atau tanpa garis bawah (jika tulisan tangan). Jika suatu spesies digolongkan dalam genus yang berbeda dari yang berlaku sekarang, nama deskriptor ditulis dalam tanda kurung. Contoh: <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glycine_max&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Glycine max (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Glycine max</span></a></i> Merr., <i>Passer domesticus (Linnaeus, 1978)</i> — yang terakhir semula dimasukkan dalam genus <i>Fringilla</i>, sehingga diberi tanda kurung (parentesis).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 66.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada penulisan teks yang menyertakan nama umum/trivial, nama ilmiah biasanya menyusul dan diletakkan dalam tanda kurung.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh pada suatu judul: "PENGUJIAN DAYA TAHAN KEDELAI (<i>Glycine max</i> Merr.) TERHADAP BEBERAPA TINGKAT SALINITAS". (Penjelasan: Merr. adalah singkatan dari deskriptor (dalam contoh ini E.D. Merrill) yang hasil karyanya diakui untuk menggambarkan<i>Glycine max</i>. Nama <i>Glycine max</i> diberikan dalam judul karena ada spesies lain, <i>Glycine soja</i>, yang juga disebut kedelai.).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nama ilmiah ditulis lengkap apabila disebutkan pertama kali. Penyebutan selanjutnya cukup dengan mengambil huruf awal nama genus dan diberi titik lalu nama spesies secara lengkap. Contoh: <i>Tumbuhan dengan bunga terbesar dapat ditemukan di hutan-hutan Bengkulu, yang dikenal sebagai padma raksasa (</i>Rafflesia arnoldii<i>). Di Pulau Jawa ditemukan pula kerabatnya, yang dikenal sebagai</i> R. patma<i>, dengan ukuran bunga yang lebih kecil</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sebutan <i>E. coli</i> atau <i>T. rex</i> berasal dari konvensi ini.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 114.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Singkatan "sp." (zoologi) atau "spec." (botani) digunakan jika nama spesies tidak dapat atau tidak perlu dijelaskan. Singkatan "spp." (zoologi dan botani) merupakan bentuk jamak. Contoh: <i>Canis</i> sp., berarti satu jenis dari genus <i>Canis</i>; <i>Adiantum</i> spp., berarti jenis-jenis<i>Adiantum</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 114.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sering dikacaukan dengan singkatan sebelumnya adalah "ssp." (zoologi) atau "subsp." (botani) yang menunjukkan subspesies yang belum diidentifikasi. Singkatan ini berarti "subspesies", dan bentuk jamaknya "sspp." atau "subspp."<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 114.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Singkatan "cf." (dari <i>confer</i>) dipakai jika identifikasi nama belum pasti. Contoh: <i>Corvus</i> cf. <i>splendens</i> berarti "sejenis burung mirip dengan gagak (<i>Corvus splendens</i>) tapi belum dipastikan sama dengan spesies ini".<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 114.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penamaan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungi"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">fungi</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> mengikuti penamaan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan"><span style="color: #0645ad;">tumbuhan</span></a>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 114.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tatanama binomial dikenal pula sebagai "Sistem Klasifikasi Binomial".<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div>Boarding SMPIhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14642224153666529552noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7216820909013925200.post-12774864192821314362011-03-10T17:52:00.001-08:002011-03-10T17:52:39.599-08:00Syair-Syair Orang Kuat<div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;">Bangun dan tinggalkanlah tidur panjang …<br />
Sungguh Islam telah kembali …<br />
Di jalan Alloh kita telah berjalan dan mengumandangkan jihad …</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;">Kelompok orang mukmin telah bangkit …<br />
Dengan para pemuda yang jujur …<br />
Dalam malam-malam nestapa mereka berjalan …<br />
Di belakang Al Qur’an yang nyata …</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;">Mereka tidak peduli dengan berbagai kesusahan di antara taring-taring zaman …</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;">Bangun dan tinggalkanlah tidur panjang …<br />
Sungguh Islam telah kembali …<br />
Di jalan Alloh kita telah berjalan dan mengumumkan jihad …</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;">Sampaikanlah kabar gembira kepada manusia …<br />
Dengan subuh yang terbit dengan terang …<br />
Wahai malam-malam para pendholim …<br />
Wahai kehinaan orang-orang yang bermain …<br />
Wahai kesia-siaan selama bertahun-tahun …<br />
Telah datang janji yang nyata …<br />
Kami telah datang kepada kalian dengan membawa senapan dan qur’an yang nyata</div>Boarding SMPIhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14642224153666529552noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7216820909013925200.post-25518803604318033582011-03-08T20:24:00.000-08:002011-03-08T20:24:17.885-08:00soal<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: ComicSansMS-Bold; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ComicSansMS-Bold;">SOAL-SOAL HIMPUNAN, GARIS DAN SUDUT<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">1. Nyatakan himpunan berikut dengan mendaftar anggotanya!<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">a. P = {bilangan ganjil antara 1 dan 30 yang habis dibagi 5}<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">b. Q = {x | 1 < p ≤ 11. x </span><span style="color: black; font-family: CambriaMath; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CambriaMath; mso-hansi-font-family: ComicSansMS-Bold;">∈ </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">bilangan cacah}<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">c. R = {empat bilangan prima yang pertama}<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">d. S = {x | x = 4p, p < 25. p </span><span style="color: black; font-family: CambriaMath; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CambriaMath; mso-hansi-font-family: ComicSansMS-Bold;">∈ </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">bilangan cacah}<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">2. Kelompok siswa berjumlah 40 orang. 20 orang suka biologi, 17 orang suka fisika, dan yang suka<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">keduanya 7 orang.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">a. Buatlah diagram Venn berdasarkan keterangan di atas<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">b. Berapa orang yang tidak suka keduanya<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">3. S = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k}<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">A = {a, b, d, g}<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">B = {a, d, I, j, k}<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">a. A </span><span style="color: black; font-family: CambriaMath; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CambriaMath; mso-hansi-font-family: ComicSansMS-Bold;">∪ </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">B c. A </span><span style="color: black; font-family: CambriaMath; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CambriaMath; mso-hansi-font-family: ComicSansMS-Bold;">∩ </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Ac<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">b. A </span><span style="color: black; font-family: CambriaMath; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CambriaMath; mso-hansi-font-family: ComicSansMS-Bold;">∩ </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">B d. (A </span><span style="color: black; font-family: CambriaMath; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CambriaMath; mso-hansi-font-family: ComicSansMS-Bold;">∪ </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">B) c<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">4. Tentukan besar sudut berikut<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">a. ¾ sudut lurus<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">b. 1/12 sudut satu putaran penuh<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">5. Perhatikan gambar berikut.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Tentukanlah:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">a. Nilai x<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">b. Besar </span><span style="color: black; font-family: CambriaMath; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CambriaMath; mso-hansi-font-family: ComicSansMS-Bold;">∠BDC<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div>Boarding SMPIhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14642224153666529552noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7216820909013925200.post-54589473684396001032011-03-03T21:43:00.000-08:002011-03-03T21:43:11.961-08:00Sholat JamaahMau Pahala 27 X Lipat?? Hanya Di MASJIDBoarding SMPIhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14642224153666529552noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7216820909013925200.post-35459389593636103172011-03-02T22:02:00.003-08:002011-03-02T22:02:19.234-08:00Keanekaragaman Hayati<div style="border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 15.9pt; mso-outline-level: 1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">A. Keanekaragaman Indonesia Berdasarkan Karakteristik Wilayahnya</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Secara astronomis indonesia berada pada 6<sup>0 </sup>LU - 110 LS dan 950 BT - 1410 BT. artinya indonesia terletak didaerah iklim tropis (daerah tropis berada diantara 23 1/20 LU dan 23 1/20 LS). Ciri - ciri daerah tropis antara lain temperatur cukup tinggi (260C - 280C), curah hujan cukup banyak (700 - 7000mm/ tahun) dan tanahnya subur karena proses pelapukan batuan cukup cepat.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Bila dilihat dari geografis , indonesia terletak pada pertemuan dua rangkaian pegunungan muda, yakni sirkum pasifik dan rangkaian sirkum mediterania, sehingga indonesia memiliki banyak pegunungan berapi. hal tersebut menyebabkan tanah menjadi subur.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Di Indonesia terdapat 10% spesies tanaman, 12% spesies mamalia, 16% spesies reptilia dan amfibi , dan 17% dari spesies burung yang ada didunia.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">sejumlah spesies tersebut bersifat endemik , yaitu hanya terdapat di Indonesia dan tidak ditemukan ditempat lain.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contohnya adalah sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. burung cendrawasih di papua,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. burung maleo di sulawesi,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. komodo di pulau komodo.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4. anoa di sulawesi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5. rafflesia arnoldii, terdapat dipulau sumatera dan penyebarannya disepanjang bukit barisan dari aceh sampai lampung.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6. Bunga bangkai (Amorphophallus titanum) merupakan flora khas indonesia yang terdapat disumatra.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Tumbuhan yang beraneka ragam dan bernilai ekonomi dapat dimanfaatkan. contohnya sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. macam - macam varietas durian (Duriozibethinus), antara lain , durian petruk dari randusaria jepara, durian sitokong dari <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> ragunan, durian sunan yang berasal dari boyolali, durian simas dari bogor.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. Kedondong (Spondias cythrerea), misalnya kedondong karimunjawa berasal dari Karimunjawa.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. Salak (Zalacca edulis), misalnya , salak pondoh berasal dari desa soka sleman dan salak bejalen dari ambarawa.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 15.9pt; mso-outline-level: 1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><a href="" name="B._Keanekaragaman_Indonesia_Berdasarkan_"></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">B. Keanekaragaman Indonesia Berdasarkan Persebarannya</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Persebaran organisme dimuka bumi dipelajari dalam cabang biologi yang disebut biogeografi . studi tentang penyebaran spesies menunjukkan bahwa spesies - spesies berasal dari satu tempat, namun selanjutnya menyebar keberbagai daerah . organisme tersebut kemudian mengalami diferensiasi menjadi subspesies baru dan spesies baru yang cocok terhadap daerah yang ditempatinya. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Penghalang geografi atau barrier seperti gunung yang tinggi, sungai dan lautan dapat membatasi penyebaran dan kompetisi dari suatu spesies (isolasi geografi). adanya isolasi geografi juga menyebabkan perbedaan susunan flora dan fauna diberbagai tempat.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Berdasarkan adanya persamaan fauna didaerah - daera h tertentu , maka dapat dibedakan menjadi 6 daerah biogeografi dunia sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. Nearktik : Amerika utara<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. Palearktik : Asia sebelah utara Himalaya, Eropa dan Afrika , gurun sahara sebelah utara.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. Neotropikal : Amerika Selatan bagian tengah.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4. Oriental: Asia, Himalaya bagian selatan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5. Ethiopia : Afrika<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6. Australian : Australia dan pulau - pulau sekitarnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><br />
</div><div style="border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 15.9pt; mso-outline-level: 1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><a href="" name="C._Persebaran_Hewan_Di_Indonesia"></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">C. Persebaran Hewan Di Indonesia</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kepulauan Indonesia merupakan tempat dua kawasan / daerah bertemuyaitu kawasan oriental yang amat kaya akan binatang dan mamalia. Wallace memperhatikan perbedaan pada flora dan faunanya, dan berhasil menarik garis pada peta sedemikian serupa sehingga memisahkan kelompok kehidupan satu sama lain. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.9pt; margin-bottom: 3.6pt; mso-outline-level: 3;"><a href="" name="1._Persebaran_Hewan_Di_Wilayah_Indonesia"></a><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. Persebaran Hewan Di Wilayah Indonesia Barat</span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bagian barat yang merupakan paparan sunda memiliki fauna asia, contohnya berbagai jenis kera, gajah, macan, kerbau liar, babi hutan, dan rusa.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a) Sumatra memiliki hewan - hewan yang khas, seperti: gajah, tapir, badak bercula dua, harimau, siamang, dan orang utan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b) Jawa memiliki badak bercula satu, harimau dan banteng.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c) Kalimantan memiliki badak bercula dua, macan tutul, orang utan, kera berhidung panjang, dan beruang madu.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.9pt; margin-bottom: 3.6pt; mso-outline-level: 3;"><a href="" name="2._Persebaran_Hewan.C2.A0_Di_Wilayah.C2."></a><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. Persebaran Hewan Di Wilayah Indonesia Timur </span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bagian timur indonesia ditempati fauna tipe Australia yang terdiri atas burung - burung dengan warna menyolok misalnya Kasuari, burung nuri, parkit, cendrawasih, dan merpati berjambul, beberapa jenis hewan berkantung misalnya kanguru, wallabi, dan kanguru pohon.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dibagian tengah , seperti sulawesi terdapat hewan yang khas yaitu anoa,dan dipulau komodo terdapat komodo (biawak besar).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Zona peralihan antara Oriental dn Australian<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">bagian kepulauan indonesia ini merupakan daerah peralihan antara kawasan Australian dan Oriental. Daerah yang merupakan tempat peralihan yang mecolok adalah sulawesi. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><br />
</div><div style="border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 15.9pt; mso-outline-level: 1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><a href="" name="D._Persebaran_Tumbuhan_Di_Muka_Bumi"></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">D. Persebaran Tumbuhan Di Muka Bumi</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bioma dapat dairtikan sebagai macam komuniatas utama yang terdapat pada suatu daerah yang dapat dikenal berdasarkan fisiognomi (kenam[akan). <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">sifat dan karakteristik suatu bioma merupakan fungsi iklim (suhu , curah hujan, cahaya dan tanah).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Garis pembatas atau pemisah antara dua bioma walaupun tidak jelas, disebut ecotone. Ekoton ditempati oleh tumbuhan dan hewan yang khas. Biorna-bioma umumnya ditentukan oleh vegetasi atau tumbuhan yang dominan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">hal ini cenderung mencermikan iklim yang umum dari area tersebut. Ada berbagai bioma didunia, yaitu gurun, padang rumput, hutan hujan tropis, hutan gugur, dan savana.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a. gurun (padang pasir)</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> , bioma ini terdapat di afrika, Amerika, Australia dan Cina.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b. Padang Rumput</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, bioma ini terbentang dari daerah tropik hingga subtropik, misalnya di Amerika.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c. Hutan hujan tropis</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, terdapat di daerah tropik dan subtropik contoh di amerika selatan (Brasil) , Asia Termasuk Indonesia) dan Afrika.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d. Hutan Gugur (deciduos forest)</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, merupakan bioma yang khas didaerah sedang.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">e. Savana</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> terdapat dikedua sisi khatulistiwa, berkembang dengan lebih baik di Afrika dan Amerika Selatan. Savana terdapat jiga di India, Asia Selatan, Australia, dan Indonesia (Irian, NTT, dan NTB).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">e. Flora Malesiana</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Indonesia memiliki 2 diantara 5 bioma didunia, yaitu bioma hutan hujan tropis dan bioma savana. bioma hutan hujan tropis yang memiliki keanekaragaman tumbuhan yang sanagt tinggi adalah malesiana.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">flora malesiana meliputi tumbuhan yang terdapat di sumatra, kalimantan, filiphina utara, dan kepulauan indonesia lainnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tumbuhan Khas Malesiana yang terkenal adalah rafflesia arnoldii. tumbuhan ini merupakan parasit yang hidup melekat pada akar atau batangtumbuhan pemanjat Tetrasigma. Penyebaran Rafflesia meliputi sumatra (Aceh , Bengkulu), Malaysia, Kalimantan dan jawa.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Di Papua ditemukan pohon buah khas yang disebut matoa (pometia pinnata). Matoa ini rasanya hampir mirip durian dan rambutan. Buah matoa berangkai seperti anggur berbentuk bulat kecil, dan berkulit tipis.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">f. Manfaat dan Nilai Keanekaragaman Hayati</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1) Kebutuhan dasar, yaitu kebutuhan yang bersifat mutlak , seperti: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- sandang (ulat sutra, bulu domba, kapas)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- pangan (serealia/biji - bijian, umbi - umbian, sayur, buah, telur, daging, susu dan sebagainya)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- papan (meranti, jati, sengon, pohon sawo, dan sebagainya)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- udara bersih (pepohonan)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> keanekaragamn hayati yang dapat menghasilkan suatu produk yang bermanfaat untuk hidup dan menjaga kesehatan manusia dikatakan memiliki nilai biologi.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2) Kebutuhan Sekunder, kebutuhan untuk lebih menikmati hidup, misalnya:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- transportasi (kuda, onta, sapi)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- rekreasi (hutan, taman bunga, tanaman hias, keindahan bawah laut, hewan piaraan dan sebagainya)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3) Keanekaragaman hayati dapat menghasilkan produk berupa materi atau jasa yang manfaatnya dapat ditukar dengan uang, misalnya bahan kebutuhan pokok atau pangan yang diperdagangkan, dikatakan memiliki nilai ekonomi.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4) Bagi suatu negara tertentu, keanekaragaman hayati dapat memberikan kebanggaan karena keindahan atau kekhasannya, seperti: karapan sapi di madura, ukiran jepara dari kayu jati, lukisan wayang dari kulit domba dan sebagainya. Keanekaragaman hayati tersebut memiliki niali budaya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5) keanekaragaman hayati masih terus diteliti oleh para ahli, karena sebagai sumber ilmu atau tujuan lain (misalnya :pemuliaan hewan dan tumbuhan, pelestarian alam, pencarian alternatif bahan pangan dan energi dan sebagainya). jadi keanekaragaman hayati memiliki nilai pendidikan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div>Boarding SMPIhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14642224153666529552noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7216820909013925200.post-28771177592820750122011-03-02T22:02:00.001-08:002011-03-02T22:02:07.242-08:00Keanekaragaman Hayati<div style="border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 15.9pt; mso-outline-level: 1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">A. Keanekaragaman Indonesia Berdasarkan Karakteristik Wilayahnya</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Secara astronomis indonesia berada pada 6<sup>0 </sup>LU - 110 LS dan 950 BT - 1410 BT. artinya indonesia terletak didaerah iklim tropis (daerah tropis berada diantara 23 1/20 LU dan 23 1/20 LS). Ciri - ciri daerah tropis antara lain temperatur cukup tinggi (260C - 280C), curah hujan cukup banyak (700 - 7000mm/ tahun) dan tanahnya subur karena proses pelapukan batuan cukup cepat.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Bila dilihat dari geografis , indonesia terletak pada pertemuan dua rangkaian pegunungan muda, yakni sirkum pasifik dan rangkaian sirkum mediterania, sehingga indonesia memiliki banyak pegunungan berapi. hal tersebut menyebabkan tanah menjadi subur.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Di Indonesia terdapat 10% spesies tanaman, 12% spesies mamalia, 16% spesies reptilia dan amfibi , dan 17% dari spesies burung yang ada didunia.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">sejumlah spesies tersebut bersifat endemik , yaitu hanya terdapat di Indonesia dan tidak ditemukan ditempat lain.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contohnya adalah sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. burung cendrawasih di papua,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. burung maleo di sulawesi,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. komodo di pulau komodo.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4. anoa di sulawesi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5. rafflesia arnoldii, terdapat dipulau sumatera dan penyebarannya disepanjang bukit barisan dari aceh sampai lampung.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6. Bunga bangkai (Amorphophallus titanum) merupakan flora khas indonesia yang terdapat disumatra.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Tumbuhan yang beraneka ragam dan bernilai ekonomi dapat dimanfaatkan. contohnya sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. macam - macam varietas durian (Duriozibethinus), antara lain , durian petruk dari randusaria jepara, durian sitokong dari <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> ragunan, durian sunan yang berasal dari boyolali, durian simas dari bogor.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. Kedondong (Spondias cythrerea), misalnya kedondong karimunjawa berasal dari Karimunjawa.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. Salak (Zalacca edulis), misalnya , salak pondoh berasal dari desa soka sleman dan salak bejalen dari ambarawa.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 15.9pt; mso-outline-level: 1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><a href="" name="B._Keanekaragaman_Indonesia_Berdasarkan_"></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">B. Keanekaragaman Indonesia Berdasarkan Persebarannya</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Persebaran organisme dimuka bumi dipelajari dalam cabang biologi yang disebut biogeografi . studi tentang penyebaran spesies menunjukkan bahwa spesies - spesies berasal dari satu tempat, namun selanjutnya menyebar keberbagai daerah . organisme tersebut kemudian mengalami diferensiasi menjadi subspesies baru dan spesies baru yang cocok terhadap daerah yang ditempatinya. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Penghalang geografi atau barrier seperti gunung yang tinggi, sungai dan lautan dapat membatasi penyebaran dan kompetisi dari suatu spesies (isolasi geografi). adanya isolasi geografi juga menyebabkan perbedaan susunan flora dan fauna diberbagai tempat.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Berdasarkan adanya persamaan fauna didaerah - daera h tertentu , maka dapat dibedakan menjadi 6 daerah biogeografi dunia sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. Nearktik : Amerika utara<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. Palearktik : Asia sebelah utara Himalaya, Eropa dan Afrika , gurun sahara sebelah utara.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. Neotropikal : Amerika Selatan bagian tengah.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4. Oriental: Asia, Himalaya bagian selatan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5. Ethiopia : Afrika<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6. Australian : Australia dan pulau - pulau sekitarnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><br />
</div><div style="border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 15.9pt; mso-outline-level: 1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><a href="" name="C._Persebaran_Hewan_Di_Indonesia"></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">C. Persebaran Hewan Di Indonesia</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kepulauan Indonesia merupakan tempat dua kawasan / daerah bertemuyaitu kawasan oriental yang amat kaya akan binatang dan mamalia. Wallace memperhatikan perbedaan pada flora dan faunanya, dan berhasil menarik garis pada peta sedemikian serupa sehingga memisahkan kelompok kehidupan satu sama lain. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.9pt; margin-bottom: 3.6pt; mso-outline-level: 3;"><a href="" name="1._Persebaran_Hewan_Di_Wilayah_Indonesia"></a><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. Persebaran Hewan Di Wilayah Indonesia Barat</span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bagian barat yang merupakan paparan sunda memiliki fauna asia, contohnya berbagai jenis kera, gajah, macan, kerbau liar, babi hutan, dan rusa.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a) Sumatra memiliki hewan - hewan yang khas, seperti: gajah, tapir, badak bercula dua, harimau, siamang, dan orang utan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b) Jawa memiliki badak bercula satu, harimau dan banteng.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c) Kalimantan memiliki badak bercula dua, macan tutul, orang utan, kera berhidung panjang, dan beruang madu.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.9pt; margin-bottom: 3.6pt; mso-outline-level: 3;"><a href="" name="2._Persebaran_Hewan.C2.A0_Di_Wilayah.C2."></a><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. Persebaran Hewan Di Wilayah Indonesia Timur </span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bagian timur indonesia ditempati fauna tipe Australia yang terdiri atas burung - burung dengan warna menyolok misalnya Kasuari, burung nuri, parkit, cendrawasih, dan merpati berjambul, beberapa jenis hewan berkantung misalnya kanguru, wallabi, dan kanguru pohon.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dibagian tengah , seperti sulawesi terdapat hewan yang khas yaitu anoa,dan dipulau komodo terdapat komodo (biawak besar).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Zona peralihan antara Oriental dn Australian<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">bagian kepulauan indonesia ini merupakan daerah peralihan antara kawasan Australian dan Oriental. Daerah yang merupakan tempat peralihan yang mecolok adalah sulawesi. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><br />
</div><div style="border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 15.9pt; mso-outline-level: 1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><a href="" name="D._Persebaran_Tumbuhan_Di_Muka_Bumi"></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">D. Persebaran Tumbuhan Di Muka Bumi</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bioma dapat dairtikan sebagai macam komuniatas utama yang terdapat pada suatu daerah yang dapat dikenal berdasarkan fisiognomi (kenam[akan). <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">sifat dan karakteristik suatu bioma merupakan fungsi iklim (suhu , curah hujan, cahaya dan tanah).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Garis pembatas atau pemisah antara dua bioma walaupun tidak jelas, disebut ecotone. Ekoton ditempati oleh tumbuhan dan hewan yang khas. Biorna-bioma umumnya ditentukan oleh vegetasi atau tumbuhan yang dominan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">hal ini cenderung mencermikan iklim yang umum dari area tersebut. Ada berbagai bioma didunia, yaitu gurun, padang rumput, hutan hujan tropis, hutan gugur, dan savana.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a. gurun (padang pasir)</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> , bioma ini terdapat di afrika, Amerika, Australia dan Cina.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b. Padang Rumput</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, bioma ini terbentang dari daerah tropik hingga subtropik, misalnya di Amerika.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c. Hutan hujan tropis</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, terdapat di daerah tropik dan subtropik contoh di amerika selatan (Brasil) , Asia Termasuk Indonesia) dan Afrika.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d. Hutan Gugur (deciduos forest)</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, merupakan bioma yang khas didaerah sedang.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">e. Savana</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> terdapat dikedua sisi khatulistiwa, berkembang dengan lebih baik di Afrika dan Amerika Selatan. Savana terdapat jiga di India, Asia Selatan, Australia, dan Indonesia (Irian, NTT, dan NTB).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">e. Flora Malesiana</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Indonesia memiliki 2 diantara 5 bioma didunia, yaitu bioma hutan hujan tropis dan bioma savana. bioma hutan hujan tropis yang memiliki keanekaragaman tumbuhan yang sanagt tinggi adalah malesiana.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">flora malesiana meliputi tumbuhan yang terdapat di sumatra, kalimantan, filiphina utara, dan kepulauan indonesia lainnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tumbuhan Khas Malesiana yang terkenal adalah rafflesia arnoldii. tumbuhan ini merupakan parasit yang hidup melekat pada akar atau batangtumbuhan pemanjat Tetrasigma. Penyebaran Rafflesia meliputi sumatra (Aceh , Bengkulu), Malaysia, Kalimantan dan jawa.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Di Papua ditemukan pohon buah khas yang disebut matoa (pometia pinnata). Matoa ini rasanya hampir mirip durian dan rambutan. Buah matoa berangkai seperti anggur berbentuk bulat kecil, dan berkulit tipis.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">f. Manfaat dan Nilai Keanekaragaman Hayati</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1) Kebutuhan dasar, yaitu kebutuhan yang bersifat mutlak , seperti: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- sandang (ulat sutra, bulu domba, kapas)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- pangan (serealia/biji - bijian, umbi - umbian, sayur, buah, telur, daging, susu dan sebagainya)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- papan (meranti, jati, sengon, pohon sawo, dan sebagainya)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- udara bersih (pepohonan)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> keanekaragamn hayati yang dapat menghasilkan suatu produk yang bermanfaat untuk hidup dan menjaga kesehatan manusia dikatakan memiliki nilai biologi.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2) Kebutuhan Sekunder, kebutuhan untuk lebih menikmati hidup, misalnya:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- transportasi (kuda, onta, sapi)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- rekreasi (hutan, taman bunga, tanaman hias, keindahan bawah laut, hewan piaraan dan sebagainya)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3) Keanekaragaman hayati dapat menghasilkan produk berupa materi atau jasa yang manfaatnya dapat ditukar dengan uang, misalnya bahan kebutuhan pokok atau pangan yang diperdagangkan, dikatakan memiliki nilai ekonomi.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4) Bagi suatu negara tertentu, keanekaragaman hayati dapat memberikan kebanggaan karena keindahan atau kekhasannya, seperti: karapan sapi di madura, ukiran jepara dari kayu jati, lukisan wayang dari kulit domba dan sebagainya. Keanekaragaman hayati tersebut memiliki niali budaya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5) keanekaragaman hayati masih terus diteliti oleh para ahli, karena sebagai sumber ilmu atau tujuan lain (misalnya :pemuliaan hewan dan tumbuhan, pelestarian alam, pencarian alternatif bahan pangan dan energi dan sebagainya). jadi keanekaragaman hayati memiliki nilai pendidikan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div>Boarding SMPIhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14642224153666529552noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7216820909013925200.post-64379711660912383432011-03-02T20:51:00.003-08:002011-03-02T20:51:34.466-08:00Biografi Nabi Muhammad SAW<div style="border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 15.9pt; mso-outline-level: 2; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Etimologi</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: #F9F9F9; line-height: 15.9pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Aziz_efendi-muhammad_alayhi_s-salam.jpg&filetimestamp=20060303202032"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75"
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o:title="magnify-clip"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img alt="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" border="0" height="11" src="file:///C:/Users/nadif/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_2" width="15" /></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: #F9F9F9; line-height: 16.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nama "Muhammad" dalam sebuah</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaligrafi"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">kaligrafi</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Arab karya</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hattat_Aziz_Efendi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Hattat Aziz Efendi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hattat Aziz Efendi</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.<sup><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad#cite_note-6"><span style="color: #0645ad; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">[7]</span></a></sup><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">"<i>Muhammad</i>" dalam bahasa Arab berarti "dia yang terpuji". </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Muslim</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mempercayai bahwa ajaran Islam yang dibawa oleh Muhammad adalah penyempurnaan dari agama-agama yang dibawa oleh nabi-nabi sebelumnya. Selain itu di dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qur%27an"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Al-Qur'an</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surah_As-Saff"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Surah As-Saff</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (QS 61:6) menyebut Muhammad dengan nama "<b><i>Ahmad</i></b>" (<b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">أحمد</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>), yang dalam bahasa Arab juga berarti "terpuji".<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sebelum masa kenabian, Muhammad mendapatkan dua julukan dari para kaum </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraisy"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Quraisy</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> yaitu <b><i>Al-Amin</i></b> yang artinya "orang yang dapat dipercaya" dan <b><i>As-Saadiq</i></b> yang artinya "yang benar". Setelah masa kenabian para sahabatnya memanggilnya dengan gelar <b><i>Rasul Allāh</i></b> (<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">رسول الله</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>), kemudian menambahkan kalimat<i>Shalallaahu 'Alayhi Wasallam</i> (<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">صلى الله عليه و سلم</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>, yang berarti "semoga Allah memberi kebahagiaan dan keselamatan kepadanya"; sering disingkat "S.A.W" atau "SAW") setelah namanya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kemudian Muhammad mendapatkan julukan <b><i>Abu al-Qasim</i></b><sup><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad#cite_note-7"><span style="color: #0645ad;">[8]</span></a></sup> yang berarti "bapak Qasim", karena Muhammad pernah memiliki anak lelaki yang bernama Qasim, tetapi ia meninggal dunia sebelum mencapai usia dewasa.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 15.9pt; mso-outline-level: 2; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Genealogi</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Silsilah Muhammad dari kedua orang tuanya kembali ke Kilab bin Murrah bin Ka'b bin Lu'ay bin Ghalib bin Fihr (<i>Quraish</i>) bin Malik bin an-Nadr (Qais) bin Kinanah bin Khuzaimah bin Mudrikah (Amir) bin </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilyas"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ilyas</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> bin Mudar bin Nizar bin Ma`ad bin Adnan.</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad#cite_note-Lings-8"><sup><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[9]</span></sup></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Adnan merupakan keturunan laki-laki ke tujuh dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabi_Ismail" title="Nabi Ismail"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ismail</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> bin </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabi_Ibrahim" title="Nabi Ibrahim"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ibrahim</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, yaitu keturunan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam" title="Sam"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sam</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> bin </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabi_Nuh" title="Nabi Nuh"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nuh</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad#cite_note-ar-Risalah-9"><sup><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[10]</span></sup></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Muhammad lahir di hari Senin, 12 Rabi’ul Awal tahun </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/571"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">571</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Masehi (lebih dikenal sebagai Tahun Gajah).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 15.9pt; mso-outline-level: 2; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Riwayat</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.9pt; margin-bottom: 3.6pt; mso-outline-level: 3;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kelahiran</span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Para penulis <i>sirah</i> (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biografi"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">biografi</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">) Muhammad pada umumnya sepakat bahwa ia lahir di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahun_Gajah"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tahun Gajah</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, yaitu tahun </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/570"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">570</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> M. Muhammad lahir di kota Mekkah, di bagian Selatan Jazirah Arab, suatu tempat yang ketika itu merupakan daerah paling terbelakang di dunia, jauh dari pusat perdagangan, seni, maupun ilmu pengetahuan. Ayahnya, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_bin_Syaibah" title="Abdullah bin Syaibah"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Abdullah</span></a><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad#cite_note-10"><sup><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[11]</span></sup></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, meninggal dalam perjalanan dagang di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yatsrib" title="Yatsrib"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yatsrib</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, ketika Muhammad masih dalam kandungan. Ia meninggalkan harta lima ekor unta, sekawanan biri-biri dan seorang budak perempuan bernama </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ummu_Aiman" title="Ummu Aiman"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ummu Aiman</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">yang kemudian mengasuh Nabi.</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad#cite_note-ar-Risalah-9"><sup><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[10]</span></sup></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada saat Muhammad berusia enam tahun, ibunya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminah_binti_Wahab"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aminah binti Wahab</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> mengajaknya ke </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yatsrib" title="Yatsrib"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yatsrib</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madinah"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Madinah</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">) untuk mengunjungi keluarganya serta mengunjungi makam ayahnya. Namun dalam perjalanan pulang, ibunya jatuh sakit. Setelah beberapa hari, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminah_binti_Wahab" title="Aminah binti Wahab"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aminah</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> meninggal dunia di Abwa' yang terletak tidak jauh dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yatsrib" title="Yatsrib"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yatsrib</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, dan dikuburkan di sana.</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad#cite_note-Lings-8"><sup><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[9]</span></sup></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Setelah ibunya meninggal, Muhammad dijaga oleh kakeknya, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27Abd_al-Muththalib" title="'Abd al-Muththalib"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">'Abd al-Muththalib</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. Setelah kakeknya meninggal, ia dijaga oleh pamannya, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Thalib"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Abu Thalib</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. Ketika inilah ia diminta menggembala kambing-kambingnya disekitar </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekkah"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mekkah</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan kerap menemani pamannya dalam urusan dagangnya ke negeri </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syam" title="Syam"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Syam</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriah"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Suriah</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Libanon</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestina"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Palestina</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hampir semua ahli </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadits"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">hadits</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan sejarawan sepakat bahwa Muhammad lahir di bulan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabiulawal" title="Rabiulawal"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rabiulawal</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, kendati mereka berbeda pendapat tentang tanggalnya. Di kalangan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syi%27ah"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Syi'ah</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, sesuai dengan arahan para </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imamah" title="Imamah"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Imam</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> yang merupakan keturunan langsung Muhammad, menyatakan bahwa ia lahir pada hari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jumat"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jumat</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, 17 </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabiulawal" title="Rabiulawal"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rabiulawal</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">; sedangkan kalangan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sunni</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> percaya bahwa ia lahir pada hari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senin"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Senin</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_Rabiulawal" title="12 Rabiulawal"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">12 Rabiulawal</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> atau (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Agustus"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2 Agustus</span></a><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/570"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">570</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">M).</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad#cite_note-ar-Risalah-9"><sup><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[10]</span></sup></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.9pt; margin-bottom: 3.6pt; mso-outline-level: 3;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berkenalan dengan Khadijah</span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ketika Muhammad mencapai usia remaja dan berkembang menjadi seorang yang dewasa, ia mulai mempelajari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ilmu</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bela_diri" title="Bela diri"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">bela diri</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memanah" title="Memanah"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">memanah</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, begitupula dengan ilmu untuk menambah keterampilannya dalam berdagang. Perdagangan menjadi hal yang umum dilakukan dan dianggap sebagai salah satu pendapatan yang stabil. Muhammad menemani pamannya berdagang ke arah Utara dan secepatnya tentang kejujuran dan sifat dapat dipercaya Muhammad dalam membawa bisnis perdagangan telah meluas, membuatnya dipercaya sebagai agen penjual perantara barang dagangan penduduk Mekkah.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Seseorang yang telah mendengar tentang anak muda yang sangat dipercaya dengan adalah seorang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janda" title="Janda"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">janda</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> yang bernama </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khadijah" title="Khadijah"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Khadijah</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. Ia adalah seseorang yang memiliki status tinggi di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Arab" title="Suku Arab"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">suku Arab</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan Khadijah sering pula mengirim barang dagangan ke berbagai pelosok daerah di tanah Arab. Reputasi Muhammad membuatnya terpesona sehingga membuat Khadijah memintanya untuk membawa serta barang-barang dagangannya dalam perdagangan. Muhammad dijanjikan olehnya akan dibayar dua kali lipat dan Khadijah sangat terkesan dengan sekembalinya Muhammad dengan keuntungan yang lebih dari biasanya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Akhirnya, Muhammad pun jatuh cinta kepada Khadijah kemudian mereka menikah. Pada saat itu Muhammad berusia 25 tahun sedangkan Khadijah mendekati umur 40 tahun, tetapi ia masih memiliki kecantikan yang menawan. Perbedaan umur yang sangat jauh dan status janda yang dimiliki oleh Khadijah, tidak menjadi halangan bagi mereka, karena pada saat itu suku </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraisy"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Quraisy</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> memiliki </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adat"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">adat</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budaya"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">budaya</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> yang lebih menekankan perkawinan dengan gadis ketimbang janda. Walaupun harta kekayaan mereka semakin bertambah, Muhammad tetap sebagai orang yang memiliki gaya hidup sederhana, ia lebih memilih untuk mendistribusikan keuangannya kepada hal-hal yang lebih penting.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.9pt; margin-bottom: 3.6pt; mso-outline-level: 3;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Memperoleh gelar</span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ketika Muhammad berumur 35 tahun, ia bersatu dengan orang-orang Quraisy dalam perbaikan Ka'bah. Ia pula yang memberi keputusan di antara mereka tentang peletakan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajar_Aswad" title="Hajar Aswad"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hajar al-Aswad</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> di tempatnya. Saat itu ia sangat masyhur di antara kaumnya dengan sifat-sifatnya yang terpuji. Kaumnya sangat mencintainya, hingga akhirnya ia memperoleh gelar <b><i>Al-Amin</i></b> yang artinya "orang yang dapat dipercaya".<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Diriwayatkan pula bahwa Muhammad percaya sepenuhnya dengan ke-Esaan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuhan"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tuhan</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. Ia hidup dengan cara amat sederhana dan membenci sifat-sifat angkuh dan sombong. Ia menyayangi orang-orang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miskin" title="Miskin"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">miskin</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, para janda dan anak-anak yatim serta berbagi penderitaan dengan berusaha menolong mereka. Ia juga menghindari semua kejahatan yang biasa di kalangan bangsa Arab pada masa itu seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judi" title="Judi"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">berjudi</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, meminum </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minuman_beralkohol" title="Minuman beralkohol"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">minuman keras</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, berkelakuan kasar dan lain-lain, sehingga ia dikenal sebagai <b><i>As-Saadiq</i></b> yang memiliki arti "yang benar".<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: #F9F9F9; line-height: 15.9pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:522px-Cave_Hira.jpg&filetimestamp=20061011045903"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_11" o:spid="_x0000_i1029"
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o:title="magnify-clip"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img alt="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" border="0" height="11" src="file:///C:/Users/nadif/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_12" width="15" /></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: #F9F9F9; line-height: 16.8pt;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gua_Hira"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Gua Hira</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">tempat pertama kali Muhammad memperoleh wahyu<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Muhammad dilahirkan di tengah-tengah masyarakat terbelakang yang senang dengan kekerasan dan pertempuran dan menjelang usianya yang ke-40, ia sering menyendiri ke </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gua_Hira"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Gua Hira</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">' sebuah gua bukit sekitar 6 km sebelah timur kota </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekkah"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mekkah</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, yang kemudian dikenali sebagai <i>Jabal An Nur</i>. Ia bisa berhari-hari bertafakur dan beribadah disana dan sikapnya itu dianggap sangat bertentangan dengan kebudayaan Arab pada zaman tersebut dan di sinilah ia sering berpikir dengan mendalam, memohon kepada Allah supaya memusnahkan ke</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafir" title="Kafir"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">kafiran</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan kebodohan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada suatu malam sekitar tanggal 17 </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramadhan" title="Ramadhan"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ramadhan</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">/ 6 Agustus 611, ketika Muhammad sedang bertafakur di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gua_Hira%27" title="Gua Hira'"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Gua Hira'</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaikat"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Malaikat</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jibril"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jibril</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> mendatanginya. Jibril membangkitkannya dan menyampaikan wahyu Allah di telinganya. Ia diminta membaca. Ia menjawab, "Saya tidak bisa membaca". Jibril mengulangi tiga kali meminta agar Muhammad membaca, tetapi jawabannya tetap sama. Akhirnya, Jibril berkata:<o:p></o:p></span></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="padding: 8.35pt 8.35pt 8.35pt 8.35pt; width: 15.0pt;" valign="top" width="20"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span style="color: #b2b7f2; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 29.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="padding: 3.35pt 8.35pt 3.35pt 8.35pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bacalah dengan menyebut nama Tuhanmu yang menciptakan manusia dari segumpal darah. Bacalah, dengan nama Tuhanmu yang Maha Pemurah, yang mengajar manusia dengan perantaraan (menulis, membaca). Dia mengajarkan kepada manusia apa yang tidak diketahuinya.</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(Al-Alaq 96: 1-5)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 8.35pt 8.35pt 8.35pt 8.35pt; width: 15.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="20"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: right;"><b><span style="color: #b2b7f2; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 30.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">”<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ini merupakan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahyu"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">wahyu</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> pertama yang diterima oleh Muhammad. Ketika itu ia berusia 40 tahun 6 bulan 8 hari menurut perhitungan tahun kamariah (penanggalan berdasarkan bulan), atau 39 tahun 3 bulan 8 hari menurut perhitungan tahun syamsiah (penanggalan berdasarkan matahari). Setelah pengalaman luar biasa di Gua Hira tersebut, dengan rasa ketakutan dan cemas Muhammad pulang ke rumah dan berseru pada Khadijah untuk menyelimutinya, karena ia merasakan suhu tubuhnya panas dan dingin secara bergantian. Setelah hal itu lewat, ia menceritakan pengalamannya kepada sang istri.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Untuk lebih menenangkan hati suaminya, Khadijah mengajak Muhammad mendatangi saudara sepupunya, yaitu</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waraqah_bin_Naufal"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Waraqah bin Naufal</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, yang banyak mengetahui nubuat tentang nabi terakhir dari kitab-kitab suci Kristen dan Yahudi. Mendengar cerita yang dialami Muhammad, Waraqah pun berkata, bahwa ia telah dipilih oleh Tuhan menjadi seorang nabi. Kemudian Waraqah menyebutkan bahwa <i>An-Nâmûs al-Akbar</i> (Malaikat Jibril) telah datang kepadanya, kaumnya akan mengatakan bahwa ia seorang penipu, mereka akan memusuhi dan melawannya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Wahyu turun kepadanya secara berangsur-angsur dalam jangka waktu 23 tahun. Wahyu tersebut telah diturunkan menurut urutan yang diberikan Muhammad, dan dikumpulkan dalam kitab bernama <i>Al Mushaf</i> yang juga dinamakan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Quran" title="Al-Quran"><i><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Al- Qurʾān</span></i></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (bacaan). Kebanyakan ayat-ayatnya mempunyai arti yang jelas, sedangkan sebagiannya diterjemahkan dan dihubungkan dengan ayat-ayat yang lain. Sebagian ayat-ayat adapula yang diterjemahkan oleh Muhammad sendiri melalui percakapan, tindakan dan persetujuannya, yang terkenal dengan nama </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/As-Sunnah" title="As-Sunnah"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">As-Sunnah</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. Al-Quran dan As-Sunnah digabungkan bersama merupakan panduan dan cara hidup bagi "mereka yang menyerahkan diri kepada Allah", yaitu penganut agama Islam.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.9pt; margin-bottom: 3.6pt; mso-outline-level: 3;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mendapatkan pengikut</span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Selama tiga tahun pertama, Muhammad hanya menyebarkan agama terbatas kepada teman-teman dekat dan kerabatnya. Kebanyakan dari mereka yang percaya dan meyakini ajaran Muhammad adalah para anggota keluarganya serta golongan masyarakat awam, antara lain</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khadijah" title="Khadijah"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Khadijah</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_bin_Abi_Thalib" title="Ali bin Abi Thalib"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ali</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaid_bin_Haritsah"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Zaid bin Haritsah</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilal_bin_Rabah" title="Bilal bin Rabah"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bilal</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. Namun pada awal tahun </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/613"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">613</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, Muhammad mengumumkan secara terbuka agama </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Islam</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. Banyak tokoh-tokoh bangsa Arab seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakar" title="Abu Bakar"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Abu Bakar</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utsman_bin_Affan"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Utsman bin Affan</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zubair_bin_Awwam_bin_Khuwailid" title="Zubair bin Awwam bin Khuwailid"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Zubair bin Al Awwam</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_bin_Auf" title="Abdul Rahman bin Auf"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Abdul Rahman bin Auf</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubaidah_bin_Harits"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ubaidah bin Harits</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amr_bin_Nufail&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Amr bin Nufail (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Amr bin Nufail</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> masuk Islam dan bergabung membela Muhammad. Kesemua pemeluk Islam pertama itu disebut dengan <i>As-Sabiqun al-Awwalun</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Akibat halangan dari masyarakat jahiliyyah di Mekkah, sebagian orang Islam disiksa, dianiaya, disingkirkan dan diasingkan. Penyiksaan yang dialami hampir seluruh pengikutnya membuat lahirnya ide berhijrah (pindah) ke </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habsyah" title="Habsyah"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Habsyah</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Negus&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Negus (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Negus</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, raja Habsyah, memperbolehkan orang-orang Islam berhijrah ke negaranya dan melindungi mereka dari tekanan penguasa di Mekkah. Muhammad sendiri, pada tahun </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/622"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">622</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">hijrah ke Madinah, kota yang berjarak sekitar 200 mil (320 km) di sebelah Utara Mekkah.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.9pt; margin-bottom: 3.6pt; mso-outline-level: 3;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hijrah ke Madinah</span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Di Mekkah terdapat </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%27bah"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ka'bah</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> yang telah dibangun oleh Nabi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ibrahim</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. Masyarakat jahiliyah Arab dari berbagai suku berziarah ke Ka'bah dalam suatu kegiatan tahunan, dan mereka menjalankan berbagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradisi"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">tradisi</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> keagamaan mereka dalam kunjungan tersebut. Muhammad mengambil peluang ini untuk menyebarkan Islam. Di antara mereka yang tertarik dengan seruannya ialah sekumpulan orang dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yathrib" title="Yathrib"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yathrib</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (dikemudian hari berganti nama menjadi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madinah"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Madinah</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">). Mereka menemui Muhammad dan beberapa orang Islam dari Mekkah di suatu tempat bernama </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aqabah&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Aqabah (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aqabah</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">secara sembunyi-sembunyi. Setelah menganut Islam, mereka lalu bersumpah untuk melindungi Islam, Rasulullah (Muhammad) dan orang-orang Islam Mekkah.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tahun berikutnya, sekumpulan masyarakat Islam dari Yathrib datang lagi ke Mekkah. Mereka menemui Muhammad di tempat mereka bertemu sebelumnya. Abbas bin Abdul Muthalib, yaitu pamannya yang saat itu belum menganut Islam, turut hadir dalam pertemuan tersebut. Mereka mengundang orang-orang Islam Mekkah untuk berhijrah ke Yathrib. Muhammad akhirnya setuju untuk berhijrah ke kota itu.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: #F9F9F9; line-height: 15.9pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Masjid_Nabawi._Medina,_Saudi_Arabia.jpg&filetimestamp=20050804031807"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_14" o:spid="_x0000_i1027"
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o:title="magnify-clip"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img alt="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" border="0" height="11" src="file:///C:/Users/nadif/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_15" width="15" /></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: #F9F9F9; line-height: 16.8pt;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masjid_Nabawi"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Masjid Nabawi</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, berlokasi di</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medinah" title="Medinah"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Medinah</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, Arab Saudi.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengetahui bahwa banyak masyarakat Islam berniat meninggalkan Mekkah, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masyarakat"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">masyarakat</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahiliyah"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">jahiliyah</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Mekkah berusaha menghalang-halanginya, karena beranggapan bahwa bila dibiarkan berhijrah ke Yathrib, orang-orang Islam akan mendapat peluang untuk mengembangkan agama mereka ke daerah-daerah yang lain. Setelah berlangsung selama kurang lebih dua bulan, masyarakat Islam dari Mekkah pada akhirnya berhasil sampai dengan selamat ke Yathrib, yang kemudian dikenal sebagai Madinah atau "Madinatun Nabi" (kota Nabi).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madinah"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Madinah</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, pemerintahan (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifah" title="Kalifah"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">kalifah</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">) Islam diwujudkan di bawah pimpinan Muhammad. Umat Islam bebas beribadah (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salat"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">salat</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">) dan bermasyarakat di Madinah. Quraish Makkah yang mengetahui hal ini kemudian melancarkan beberapa serangan ke Madinah, akan tetapi semuanya dapat diatasi oleh umat Islam. Satu perjanjian damai kemudian dibuat dengan pihak Quraish. Walaupun demikian, perjanjian itu kemudian diingkari oleh pihak Quraish dengan cara menyerang sekutu umat Islam.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.9pt; margin-bottom: 3.6pt; mso-outline-level: 3;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penaklukan Mekkah</span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada tahun ke-8 setelah berhijrah ke Madinah, Muhammad berangkat kembali ke Makkah dengan pasukan Islam sebanyak 10.000 orang. Penduduk Makkah yang khawatir kemudian setuju untuk menyerahkan kota Makkah tanpa perlawanan, dengan syarat Muhammad kembali pada tahun berikutnya. Muhammad menyetujuinya, dan ketika pada tahun berikutnya ia kembali maka ia menaklukkan Mekkah secara damai. Muhammad memimpin umat Islam menunaikan ibadah haji, memusnahkan semua berhala yang ada di sekeliling Ka'bah, dan kemudian memberikan amnesti umum dan menegakkan peraturan agama Islam di kota Mekkah.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 3.0pt 0cm;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 15.9pt; mso-outline-level: 2; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 3.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mukjizat</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabi"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">nabi</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasul"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">rasul</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> sebelumnya, Muhammad diberikan <i>irhasat</i> (pertanda) akan datangnya seorang nabi, seperti yang diyakini oleh umat </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Muslim</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> telah dikisahkan dalam beberapan kitab suci </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agama_samawi" title="Agama samawi"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ajaran samawi</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, kemudian dikisahkan pula terjadi pertanda pada masa didalam kandungan, masa kecil dan remaja. Kemudian Muhammad diyakini diberikan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukjizat"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mukjizat</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> selama kenabiannya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syariat_Islam"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">syariat Islam</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, mukjizat terbesar Muhammad adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qur%27an"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Al-Qur'an</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, karena pada masa itu</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangsa_Arab"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">bangsa Arab</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> memiliki kebudayaan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sastra"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">sastra</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> yang cukup tinggi dan Muhammad sendiri adalah orang yang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buta_huruf" title="Buta huruf"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">buta huruf</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, yang diyakini oleh umat muslim mustahil dikarang olehnya. Selain itu, Muhammad juga diyakini pula oleh umat Islam pernah membelah bulan pada masa penyebaran Islam di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekkah"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mekkah</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan melakukan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isra_dan_Mi%27raj"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Isra dan Mi'raj</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dalam waktu tidak sampai satu hari. Kemampuan lain yang dimiliki Muhammad adalah kecerdasannya mengenai ilmu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tauhid" title="Tauhid"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ketauhidan</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 15.9pt; mso-outline-level: 2; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fisik dan ciri-ciri Muhammad</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berikut adalah penggambaran sosok Muhammad dari salah satu istinya yaitu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aisyah"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aisyah</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, sepupunya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_bin_Abi_Thalib"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ali bin Abi Thalib</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, para sahabatnya, serta orang terakhir yang masih hidup yang kala itu sempat melihat sosoknya secara langsung, yaitu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abu_Taufik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Abu Taufik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Abu Taufik</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aisyah"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aisyah</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_bin_Abi_Thalib"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ali bin Abi Thalib</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> telah merincikan ciri-ciri fisik dan penampilan keseharian Muhammad, di antaranya adalah rambut ikal berwarna sedikit kemerahan,</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad#cite_note-11"><sup><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[12]</span></sup></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> terurai hingga bahu. Kulitnya putih kemerah-merahan, wajahnya cenderung bulat dengan sepasang matanya hitam dan bulu mata yang panjang. Tidak berkumis dan berjanggut sepanjang sekepalan telapak tangannya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tulang kepala besar dan bahunya lebar. Tubuhnya tidak terlalu tinggi dan tidak pula terlalu pendek, berpostur kekar sangat indah dan pas dikalangan kaumnya. Bulu badannya halus memanjang dari pusar hingga dada. Jemari tangan dan kaki tebal dan lentik memanjang.</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad#cite_note-12"><sup><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[13]</span></sup></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Apabila berjalan cenderung cepat dan tidak pernah menancapkan kedua telapak kakinya, beliau melangkah dengan cepat dan pasti. Apabila menoleh, ia menolehkan wajah dan badannya secara bersamaan. Di antara kedua bahunya terdapat tanda kenabian dan memang ia adalah penutup para nabi. Ia adalah orang yang paling dermawan, paling berlapang dada, paling jujur ucapannya, paling bertanggung jawab dan paling baik pergaulannya. Siapa saja yang bergaul dengannya pasti akan menyukainya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Setiap orang yang bertemu Muhammad pasti akan berkata, "Aku tidak pernah melihat orang yang sepertinya, baik sebelum maupun sesudahnya." Begitulah Muhammad di mata khalayak, akhlaknya yang sangat mulia digambarkan dalam salah satu ayat Al-Qur’an,<o:p></o:p></span></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="padding: 8.35pt 8.35pt 8.35pt 8.35pt; width: 15.0pt;" valign="top" width="20"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span style="color: #b2b7f2; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 29.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="padding: 3.35pt 8.35pt 3.35pt 8.35pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">"Dan sesungguhnya kamu benar-benar berbudi pekerti yang agung." (Al-Qalam: 4)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 8.35pt 8.35pt 8.35pt 8.35pt; width: 15.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="20"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: right;"><b><span style="color: #b2b7f2; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 30.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">”<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam hadits riwayat </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukhari" title="Bukhari"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bukhari</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, Muhammad digambarkan sebagai orang yang berkulit putih dan berjenggot hitam dengan uban.</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad#cite_note-13"><sup><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[14]</span></sup></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam satu hadits diterangkan mengenai corak fisik Muhammad, yaitu ia bertubuh sedang, kulitnya berwarna cerah tidak terlalu putih dan tidak pula hitam. Rambutnya berombak. Ketika Muhammad wafat uban yang tumbuh di rambut dan janggutnya masih sedikit.</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad#cite_note-14"><sup><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[15]</span></sup></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Anas juga mengatakan bahwa Muhammad memiliki tinggi sedang, tidak tinggi sekali ataupun pendek, tegap. Bila ia berjalan sangat gesit dengan tubuh condong sedikit kedepan.</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad#cite_note-15"><sup><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[16]</span></sup></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bara%E2%80%99a_bin_Aazib&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Bara’a bin Aazib (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bara’a bin Aazib</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> mengatakan bahwa Muhammad memiliki tinggi yang sedang, dengan tulang pundak bidang. Rambutnya cukup tebal, panjang sampai batas telinga.</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad#cite_note-16"><sup><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[17]</span></sup></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ali bin Abi Thalib meriwayatkan bahwa Muhammad tidaklah tinggi dan juga pendek. Telapak tangan dan kaki beliau padat berisi. Ia memiliki kepala yang agak besar dan kuat. Bulu-bulu halus tumbuh di dadanya dan terus kebawah sampai pusar. Jika berjalan, melangkahnya seolah-olah seperti turun (meloncat) dari suatu ketinggian. Ditambahkan pula bahwa Ali belum pernah melihat orang sepertinya di antara sahabatnya sesudah wwafatnya Muhammad.</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad#cite_note-17"><sup><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[18]</span></sup></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ali menambahkan bahwa Muhammad memiliki rambut lurus sedikit berombak. Tidak gemuk dan tidak terlalu besar, berperawak baik dan tegak. Warna kulit cerah, matanya hitam dengan bulu mata yang panjang. Persendian tulang yang kuat dada, tangan dan kakinya kekar. Tidak memiliki bulu yang tebal tetapi hanya tipis dari dada sampai pusarnya. Jika berbicara dengan seseorang, maka ia akan menghadapkan wajahnya keorang tersebut dengan penuh perhatian. Diantara bahunya ada tanda kenabian. Muhammad orang yan baik hatinya dan paling jujur, orang yang paling dirindukan dan sebaik-baiknya keturunan. Siapa saja yang mendekati dan bergaul dengannya maka akan langsung merasa terhormat, khidmat, menghargai dan mencintainya.</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad#cite_note-18"><sup><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[19]</span></sup></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hind_bin_Abi_Halah&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Hind bin Abi Halah (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hind bin Abi Halah</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> mendapat cerita dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_bin_Ali"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hasan bin Ali</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> mengatakan bahwa Muhammad memiliki pribadi mulia dan sangat agung jika orang melihatnya. Wajahnya bercahaya seperti bulan purnama. Ia sedikit lebih tinggi dari rata-rata orang tapi lebih pendek dari orang yang jangkung. Kepalanya lebih besar dari rata-rata orang dan rambutnya agak keriting (berombak) agak panjang hingga mencapai kuping dan dibelah tengah. Kulit berwarna cerah dahinya agak lebar. Alis matanya melengkung hitam dan tebal, di antara alisnya nampak urat darah halus yang berdenyut bila sedang emosi.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hidungnya agak melengkung dan mengkilap jika terkena cahaya serta tampak agak menonjol jika pertama kali melihatnya padahal sebenarnya tidak. Berjanggut tipit tapi penuh rata sampai pipi. Mulutnya sedang, giginya putih cemerlang dan agak renggang. Pundaknya bagus dan kokoh, seperti dicor perak. Anggota tubuh lainnya normal dan proporsional. Dada dan pinggangnya seimbang dengan ukurannya. Tulang belikatnya cukup lebar, bagian-bagian tubuhnya tidak tertutup bulu lebat, bersih dan bercahaya. Kecuali bulu halus yang tumbuh dari dada hingga pusar.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Lengan dan dada bagian atas berbulu. Pergelangan tangannya cukup panjang, telapak tangannya agak lebar serta tangan dan kakinya berisi, jari-jari tangan dan kaki cukup langsing. Jika berjalan agak condong kedepan melangkah dengan anggun serta berjalan dengan cepat dan sering melihat kebawah dari pada keatas. Jika berhadapan dengan orang maka ia memandang orang itu dengan penuh perhatian dan tidak pernah melototi seseorang dan pandangannya menyejukkan. Selalu berjalan agak dibelakang, terutama jika saat melakukan perjalanan jarak jauh dan ia selalu menyapa orang lain terlebih dahulu.</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad#cite_note-19"><sup><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[20]</span></sup></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dari kisah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jabir_bin_Samurah&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Jabir bin Samurah (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jabir bin Samurah</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> meriwayatkan bahwa Muhammad memiliki mulut yang agak lebar, di matanya terlihat juga garis-garis merahnya, serta tumitnya langsing. Jabir (ra) juga meriwayatkan bahwa ia berkesempatan melihat Muhammad di bawah sinar rembulan, ia juga memperhatikan pula rembulan tersebut, baginya Muhammad lebih indah dari rembulan tersebut.</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad#cite_note-20"><sup><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[21]</span></sup></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abu_Ishaq&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Abu Ishaq (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Abu Ishaq</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> mengemukakan bahwa, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bara%E2%80%99a_bin_Aazib&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Bara’a bin Aazib (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bara’a bin Aazib</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> pernah berkata, bahwa rona Muhammad lebih mirip purnama yang cerah.</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad#cite_note-21"><sup><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[22]</span></sup></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Hurairah"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Abu Hurairah</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> mengatakan bahwa Muhammad sangatlah rupawan, seperti dibentuk dari perak. Rambutnya cenderung berombak dan Abu Hurairah belum pernah melihat orang yang lebih baik dari dan lebih tampan dari Muhammad, rona mukanya secemerlang matahari dan tidak pernah melihat orang yang secepatnya. Seolah-olah tanah digulung oleh langkah-langkah Muhammad jika sedang berjalan. Dikatakan jika Abu Hurairah dan yang lainnya berusaha mengimbangi jalannya Muhammad dan nampak ia seperti berjalan santai saja.</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad#cite_note-22"><sup><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[23]</span></sup></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jabir_bin_Abdullah&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Jabir bin Abdullah (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jabir bin Abdullah</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> mengatakan, Muhammad pernah bersabda bahwa ia pernah menyaksikan gambaran tentang para nabi. Diantaranya adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musa"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Musa</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> berperawakan langsing seperti orang-orang dari Suku Shannah, dan melihat </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isa"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Isa</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> yang mirip salah seorang sahabatnya yang bernama </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Urwah_bin_Mas%E2%80%99ud&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Urwah bin Mas’ud (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Urwah bin Mas’ud</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan ketika melihat </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ibrahim</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dikatakan sangat mirip dengan dirinya sendiri (Muhammad), kemudian Muhammad juga mengatakan bahwa ia pernah melihat </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaikat"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Malaikat</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jibril"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jibril</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> yang mirip dengan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dehya_Kalbi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Dehya Kalbi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dehya Kalbi</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad#cite_note-23"><sup><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[24]</span></sup></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Said_al_Jahiri&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Said al Jahiri (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Said al Jahiri</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> mengatakan bahwa ia pernah mendengar </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abu_Taufik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Abu Taufik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Abu Taufik</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> berkata bahwa pada saat ini tidak ada lagi yang masih hidup orang yang pernah melihat secara langsung Muhammad kecuali dirinya sendiri dan Muhammad memiliki roman muka sangat cerah dan perawakanna sangat baik.</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad#cite_note-24"><sup><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[25]</span></sup></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Abbas" title="Ibnu Abbas"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ibnu Abbas</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> mengatakan bahwa gigi depan Muhammad agak renggang tidak terlalu rapat dan jika bericara nampak putih berkilau.</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad#cite_note-25"><sup><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[26]</span></sup></a><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad#cite_note-26"><sup><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[27]</span></sup></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 15.9pt; mso-outline-level: 2; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pernikahan</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Selama hidupnya Muhammad menikahi 11 atau 13 orang wanita (terdapat perbedaan pendapat mengenai hal ini). Pada umur 25 Tahun ia menikah dengan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khadijah" title="Khadijah"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Khadijah</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, yang berlangsung selama 25 tahun hingga Khadijah wafat.</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad#cite_note-Esp2-27"><sup><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[28]</span></sup></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Pernikahan ini digambarkan sangat bahagia,</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad#cite_note-28"><sup><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[29]</span></sup></a><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad#cite_note-Reeves46-29"><sup><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[30]</span></sup></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">sehingga saat meninggalnya Khadijah (yang bersamaan dengan tahun meninggalnya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Thalib"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Abu Thalib</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> pamannya) disebut sebagai tahun kesedihan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sepeninggal Khadijah, Muhammad disarankan oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khawla_binti_Hakim&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Khawla binti Hakim (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Khawla binti Hakim</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, bahwa sebaiknya ia menikahi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sawda_binti_Zama&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sawda binti Zama (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sawda binti Zama</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (seorang janda) atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aisyah"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aisyah</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (putri </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakar" title="Abu Bakar"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Abu Bakar</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, dimana Muhammad akhirnya menikahi keduanya. Kemudian setelah itu Muhammad tercatat menikahi beberapa wanita lagi sehingga mencapai total sebelas orang, dimana sembilan di antaranya masih hidup sepeninggal Muhammad.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Para ahli sejarah antara lain </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Montgomery_Watt" title="William Montgomery Watt"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Watt</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Louis_Esposito&action=edit&redlink=1" title="John Louis Esposito (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Esposito</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> berpendapat bahwa sebagian besar perkawinan itu dimaksudkan untuk memperkuat ikatan politik (sesuai dengan budaya Arab), atau memberikan penghidupan bagi para janda (saat itu janda lebih susah untuk menikah karena budaya yang menekankan perkawinan dengan perawan).</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad#cite_note-EIA-30"><sup><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[31]</span></sup></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><br />
</div><div style="border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 15.9pt; mso-outline-level: 2; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perbedaan dengan nabi dan rasul terdahulu</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam mengemban misi dakwahnya, umat Islam percaya bahwa Muhammad diutus Allah untuk menjadi Nabi bagi seluruh umat manusia (QS. 34 : 28), sedangkan nabi dan rasul sebelumnya hanya diutus untuk umatnya masing-masing (QS 10:47, 23:44) seperti halnya Nabi Musa yang diutus Allah kepada kaum Bani Israil.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sedangkan persamaannya dengan nabi dan rasul sebelumnya ialah sama-sama mengajarkan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tauhid"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tauhid</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, yaitu kesaksian bahwa </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuhan"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tuhan</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> yang berhak disembah atau diibadahi itu hanyalah Allah (QS 21:25).<o:p></o:p></span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: #215E21; border: solid #31644D 1.0pt; margin-left: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #31644D .75pt; mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td nowrap="" style="border: none; padding: 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Artikel ini adalah bagian dari seri<br />
</span></b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam"><b><span style="color: #fdfdfb; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Islam</span></b></a><b><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border: none; padding: 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: center;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Allah-eser-green.png&filetimestamp=20100303112040"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_46"
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o:title="Allah-eser-green"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img alt="Allah-eser-green.png" border="0" height="102" src="file:///C:/Users/nadif/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_46" width="100" /></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="background: #555555; border: none; padding: 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #fdfdfb; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rasul</span></b><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td style="background: #FDFDFB; border: none; padding: 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><b><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nabi Muhammad SAW</span></b><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
.<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"> <td style="background: #555555; border: none; padding: 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: center;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukum_Islam" title="Hukum Islam"><b><span style="color: #fdfdfb; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kitab Suci</span></b></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;"> <td style="background: #FDFDFB; border: none; padding: 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qur%27an" title="Al-Qur'an"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Al-Qur'an</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
.<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;"> <td style="background: #555555; border: none; padding: 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: center;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rukun_Islam" title="Rukun Islam"><b><span style="color: #fdfdfb; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rukun Islam</span></b></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;"> <td style="background: #FDFDFB; border: none; padding: 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: center;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syahadat" title="Syahadat"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. Syahadat</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">·</span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salat" title="Salat"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. Salat</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">·</span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puasa_(Islam)" title="Puasa (Islam)"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. Puasa</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4. Zakat</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">·</span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haji" title="Haji"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5. Haji</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;"> <td style="background: #555555; border: none; padding: 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: center;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rukun_Iman" title="Rukun Iman"><b><span style="color: #fdfdfb; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rukun Iman</span></b></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;"> <td style="background: #FDFDFB; border: none; padding: 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Iman kepada :</span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allah" title="Allah"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. Allah</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaikat" title="Malaikat"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. Malaikat</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">·</span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qur%27an" title="Al-Qur'an"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. Al-Qur'an</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">·</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabi_Islam" title="Nabi Islam"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4. Nabi</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hari_Akhir" title="Hari Akhir"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5. Hari Akhir</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">·</span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takdir" title="Takdir"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6. Qada & Qadar</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;"> <td style="background: #555555; border: none; padding: 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: center;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tokoh_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tokoh Islam (halaman belum tersedia)"><b><span style="color: #fdfdfb; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tokoh Islam</span></b></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;"> <td style="background: #FDFDFB; border: none; padding: 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Muhammad SAW</span></b><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabi_Islam" title="Nabi Islam"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nabi & Rasul</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">·</span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahabat_Nabi" title="Sahabat Nabi"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sahabat</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahlul_Bait" title="Ahlul Bait"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ahlul Bait</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12;"> <td style="background: #555555; border: none; padding: 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: center;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Suci_Islam" title="Kota Suci Islam"><b><span style="color: #fdfdfb; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kota Suci</span></b></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 13;"> <td style="background: #FDFDFB; border: none; padding: 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: center;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekkah" title="Mekkah"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mekkah</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">·</span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">&</span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">·</span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madinah" title="Madinah"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Madinah</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 14;"> <td style="background: #555555; border: none; padding: 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: center;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Suci_Islam" title="Kota Suci Islam"><b><span style="color: #fdfdfb; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kota suci lainnya</span></b></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 15;"> <td style="background: #FDFDFB; border: none; padding: 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: center;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerusalem" title="Yerusalem"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yerusalem</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">·</span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Najaf" title="Najaf"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Najaf</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">·</span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbala" title="Karbala"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Karbala</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kufah" title="Kufah"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kufah</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">·</span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazimain" title="Kazimain"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kazimain</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mashhad</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">·</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Istanbul</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">·</span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghadir_Khum" title="Ghadir Khum"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ghadir Khum</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 16;"> <td style="background: #555555; border: none; padding: 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: center;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hari_besar_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Hari besar Islam (halaman belum tersedia)"><b><span style="color: #fdfdfb; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hari Raya</span></b></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 17;"> <td style="background: #FDFDFB; border: none; padding: 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: center;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idul_Fitri" title="Idul Fitri"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Idul Fitri</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">·</span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">&</span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">·</span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idul_Adha" title="Idul Adha"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Idul Adha</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 18;"> <td style="background: #555555; border: none; padding: 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: center;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hari_besar_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Hari besar Islam (halaman belum tersedia)"><b><span style="color: #fdfdfb; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hari besar lainnya</span></b></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 19;"> <td style="background: #FDFDFB; border: none; padding: 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: center;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isra_dan_Mi%27raj" title="Isra dan Mi'raj"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Isra dan Mi'raj</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">·</span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maulid_Nabi_Muhammad" title="Maulid Nabi Muhammad"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Maulid Nabi</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hari_Asyura" title="Hari Asyura"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Asyura</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 20;"> <td style="background: #555555; border: none; padding: 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: center;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsitektur_Islam" title="Arsitektur Islam"><b><span style="color: #fdfdfb; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Arsitektur</span></b></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 21;"> <td style="background: #FDFDFB; border: none; padding: 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: center;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masjid" title="Masjid"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Masjid</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">·</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menara" title="Menara"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menara</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">·</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihrab" title="Mihrab"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mihrab</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%27bah" title="Ka'bah"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ka'bah</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">·</span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsitektur_Islam" title="Arsitektur Islam"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Arsitektur Islam</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 22;"> <td style="background: #555555; border: none; padding: 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #fdfdfb; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jabatan Fungsional</span></b><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 23;"> <td style="background: #FDFDFB; border: none; padding: 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: center;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalifah" title="Khalifah"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Khalifah</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">·</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulama" title="Ulama"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ulama</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">·</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muadzin" title="Muadzin"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Muadzin</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam_(Islam)" title="Imam (Islam)"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Imam</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">·</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mullah" title="Mullah"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mullah</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">·</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayatullah" title="Ayatullah"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ayatullah</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">·</span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mufti" title="Mufti"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mufti</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 24;"> <td style="background: #555555; border: none; padding: 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: center;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukum_Islam" title="Hukum Islam"><b><span style="color: #fdfdfb; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hukum Islam</span></b></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 25;"> <td style="background: #FDFDFB; border: none; padding: 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: center;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qur%27an" title="Al-Qur'an"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Al-Qur'an</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">·</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadits" title="Hadits"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hadist</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunnah" title="Sunnah"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sunnah</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">·</span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiqih" title="Fiqih"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fiqih</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">·</span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatwa" title="Fatwa"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fatwa</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syariat_Islam" title="Syariat Islam"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Syariat</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">·</span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ijtihad" title="Ijtihad"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ijtihad</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 26;"> <td style="background: #555555; border: none; padding: 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: center;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manhaj&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Manhaj (halaman belum tersedia)"><b><span style="color: #fdfdfb; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Manhaj</span></b></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 27;"> <td style="background: #FDFDFB; border: none; padding: 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: center;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salafiyah" title="Salafiyah"><b><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Salafush Shalih</span></b></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 28;"> <td style="background: #555555; border: none; padding: 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: center;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazhab" title="Mazhab"><b><span style="color: #fdfdfb; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mazhab</span></b></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 29;"> <td style="background: #FDFDFB; border: none; padding: 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: center;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni" title="Sunni"><b><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. Sunni :</span></b></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazhab_Hanafi" title="Mazhab Hanafi"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hanafi</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">·</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazhab_Hambali" title="Mazhab Hambali"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hambali</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazhab_Maliki" title="Mazhab Maliki"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Maliki</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">·</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazhab_Syafi%27i" title="Mazhab Syafi'i"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Syafi'i</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 30;"> <td style="background: #FDFDFB; border: none; padding: 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: center;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syi%27ah" title="Syi'ah"><b><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. Syi'ah :</span></b></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dua_Belas_Imam" title="Dua Belas Imam"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dua Belas Imam</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismailiyah" title="Ismailiyah"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ismailiyah</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">·</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaidiyah" title="Zaidiyah"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Zaidiyah</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 31;"> <td style="background: #FDFDFB; border: none; padding: 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. Lain-lain :</span></b><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibadi" title="Ibadi"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ibadi</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">·</span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khawarij" title="Khawarij"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Khawarij</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murji%27ah" title="Murji'ah"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Murji'ah</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">·</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%27taziliyah" title="Mu'taziliyah"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mu'taziliyah</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 32;"> <td style="background: #555555; border: none; padding: 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #fdfdfb; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Lihat Pula</span></b><span style="color: #fdfdfb; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 33;"> <td style="background: #FDFDFB; border: none; padding: 2.5pt 8.35pt 2.5pt 8.35pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: center;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Portal Islam</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 34; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="background: #FDFDFB; border: none; padding: 2.5pt 8.35pt 2.5pt 8.35pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: center;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategori:Islam" title="Kategori:Islam"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Indeks mengenai Islam</span></a><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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</div>Boarding SMPIhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14642224153666529552noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7216820909013925200.post-36949516450072215962011-03-02T20:48:00.003-08:002011-03-02T20:48:09.623-08:00Saladin<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode","sans-serif";">Shalahuddin Al-Ayyubi, salah satu pemimpin besar sepanjang masa. Filem<i>Kingdom of Heaven</i><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>karya Sir Ridley Scott merakam kecerdasan nurani panglima tertinggi Islam saat itu, Shalahuddin al-Ayyubi. Bahkan Barat pun menghargainya. Di tenda besar berwarna putih itu, di tengah-tengah Perang Salib yang menghabiskan banyak korban, waktu, dan biaya itu, terdengar dialog bernas antara Saladin dan tangan kanannya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode","sans-serif";">“Kita harus serang mereka sekarang,” usul sang tangan kanan Saladin.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode","sans-serif";">“Tidak, kita buat perencanaan yang matang dulu,” sanggah Saladin.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode","sans-serif";">“Kita akan menang, kerana ini sudah kehendak Allah,” teriak<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode","sans-serif";">“Kita akan menang kerana perencanaan yang matang,” ujar Saladin, sang pemimpin tertinggi pasukan Muslim.”…dan tentu saja kerana kehendak Allah,” segera sang pemimpin itu menambahkan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode","sans-serif";">Diskusi itu ditutup dengan kalimat Saladin: ”Di setiap pertempuran, aku selalu menang, tentu saja dengan kehendak Allah, kerana matangnya perencanaan perang,” tegasnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode","sans-serif";">Dialog di atas mengandung banyak hikmah. Tentang betapa terencananya Saladin, atau yang kita kenal dengan nama Shalahuddin al-Ayyubi. Dan betapa Sholahuddin juga mendengarkan pernyataan anak buahnya. Juga percakapan filosofis tentang takdir dan peranan usaha manusia (ikhtiar). Dialog itu terakam lewat filem<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>Kingdom of Heaven</i><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>garapan Sir Ridley Scott yang pernah meraih Anugerah Oscar lewat<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>Gladiator</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode","sans-serif";">Sholahuddin di filem garapan Barat itu diperlihatkan sebagai sosok yang agung dan spiritual. Tengok saja adegan penghujung saat dirinya bernegosiasi dengan Balian dari Ibelin, panglima dari kaum Nashrani yang ketakutan dengan kemenangan Islam di Jerusalam kerana akan membalas membantai kaum Nasrani, sebagaimana mereka memperlakukan Muslim seratus tahun sebelumnya. Saladin hanya tersenyum dan menjawab: ”Aku Saladin, bukan mereka. Pergilah ke negeri-negeri Kristian, bawa pasukan dan rakyatmu yang memang ingin pergi. Tak ada pembunuhan,” katanya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode","sans-serif";">Sholahuddin Yusuf bin Ayyub memang dikenal dengan toleransi yang tinggi dan penuh dengan rasa peri-kemanusiaan. Dalam setiap pertempuran, pesannya selalu sama: “minimalkan pertumpahan darah, jangan melukai wanita dan anak-anak”. Dia disegani lawan-lawannya, sehingga dalam Perang Salib III, ada istilah ‘Saladin Tithe’ (“Zakat” melawan Saladin). Tapi namanya harum di medan perang yang panjang itu, dan diakui kawan dan lawan. Bersama dengan Raja Baldwin IV, dia menginginkan sebuah kota Yerusalam yang damai bagi ketiga agama besar, sebuah<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>Kingdom of Conscience , Kingdom of Heaven</i>(kerajaan nurani, kerajaan syurga).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode","sans-serif";">Sebenarnya, bisa saja keturunan Kurdis (bukan-Arab) ini menyerang Jerusalem, kerana “..200 ribu pasukannya sudah siap tempur…” jelas Tiberias kepada Raja Baldwin. Tapi sang panglima itu tidak melakukannya, kerana sudah berkomitmen untuk tidak menyerang Jerusalem asalkan umat Muslim tidak diganggu. Tapi, seperti terlihat dalam filem itu, perjanjian dilanggar oleh raja baru Guy de Lusignan yang memerintahkan Raynald of Chatillon membunuh sekelompok kafilah Muslim yang sedang berdagang dan akan berhaji di Laut Merah, juga saudari Sholahuddin. Dan perang pun pecah. Pada Julai 1187, Saladin menyerang Kerajaan Jerusalem dan terlibat dalam pertempuran Hattin dan berhasil mengeksekusi Raynald dan rajanya, Guy of Lusignan. Dia kembali ke Jerusalem 2 Oktober 1187, 88 tahun setelah kaum Salib berkuasa.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode","sans-serif";">“Persahabatan”nya dengan musuh terbesarnya, Raja Richard I dari Inggeris—Raja Inggeris yang mengobarkan Perang Salib III yang dijuluki<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>The Lion Heart</i>–juga legendaris. Kepada Richard—satu-satunya raja yang pernah memukul mundur pasukan Muslim– Sholahuddin mengirimkan tabib terbaiknya—dan saat itu memang dunia Islam memimpin dunia sains dan teknologi termasuk kedoktoran. Saat Richard kehilangan kuda tunggangannya, ia memberikan dua ekor penggantinya. Bahkan, dalam satu pertempuran, saat berhadap-hadapan dengan Richard dari Inggris pada Perang Arsuf tahun 1191, di luar perkiraan kedua pasukan, Saladin dan Richard saling berjabat tangan dan menghormat satu sama lain.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode","sans-serif";">Di medan itu, keduanya sepakat berdamai. Di tahun 1192 keduanya untuk membahagi wilayah pesisir untuk Kaum Kristian dan Jerusalem untuk Kaum Muslim. Perjanjian Ramla itu menyatakan bahawa Jerusalem tetap dikuasai Muslim dan terbuka kepada para peziarah Kristian. Bahkan, adik Richard dinikahkan dengan saudara Saladin.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode","sans-serif";">Sholahuddin pula yang menghidupkan semangat jihad merebut kota Jerusalem dengan inovasinya yang unik. Dia mengadakan acara menulis riwayat hidup Nabi Muhammad SAW dalam rangka memperingati maulud nabi. Dan, lahirlah syair Barzanzi yang masih hidup hingga saat ini.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode","sans-serif";">Budi baiknya dikenal tidak di kalangan muslim, tetapi juga lawan-lawannya. Tawanan diperlakukan secara terhormat dan manusiawi, tidak membuat mereka haus dan lapar. Pernah, saat berperang, Sholahuddin menangkap pasukan Salib yang berjumlah sangat besar sedangkan makanan yang tersedia tidak cukup buat mereka. Dengan lapang dada, akhirnya Sholahuddin membebaskan mereka tanpa syarat.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode","sans-serif";">Kelahiran Tikrit (Irak) pada 532 Hijriah (1138 Masehi) di di kota Tikrit (140km barat laut kota Baghdad ) dekat sungai Tigrisini begitu cerdas nurani dan emosinya. Mungkin kerana dia menghayati ilmu-ilmu yang didapatnya dari guru-gurunya—seperti ayahnya Najamuddin al-Ayyubi, Nuruddin Zangi dan pamannya Asaddin Shirkuh yang pejabat Dinasti Seljuk dan dekat dengan raja Suriah, Nuruddin Mahmud —di antaranya menguasai ilmu kalam, fikih, ilmu-ilmu al-Qur’an, dan juga hadits, di samping ketenteraan. Bahkan, ia memberikan catatan kaki (syarah) dan berbagai macam penjelasan dalam kitab hadits Abu Dawud.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode","sans-serif";">Berbeza dengan sultan kebanyakan, dia tidak membuat istana megah untuk dirinya. Tetapi, justeru masjid, hospital, dan universiti yang dibangunnya untuk publik, di Kaherah, Mesir.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode","sans-serif";">Setahun setelah Perjanjian Ramla, setelah pulangnya Richard ke Inggeris, tepatnya 4 Mac 1193, Sholahuddin meninggal di Damsyik tidak lama setelah jatuh sakit. Ketika rakyat membuka peti hartanya ternyata hartanya tak cukup untuk biaya pemakamannya, Utusan yang menyampaikan berita kematiannnya itu ke Baghdad membawa serta baju perangnya, kudanya, wang sebanyak satu dinar dan 36 dirham miliknya. Rupanya hartanya lebih banyak mengalir kepada golongan fakir miskin.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode","sans-serif";">Saladin, begitu lidah Barat menyebutnya, sudah wafat. Tapi perilaku dan kecerdasan nuraninya akan terus dikenang, bahkan oleh Barat. Kisah perang dan kepemimpinannya banyak ditulis dalam karya puisi dan sastera Eropah, salah satunya adalah<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>The Talisman</i><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(1825) karya Walter Scott. “Di Eropah” tulis Philip K Hitti, dia telah menyentuh alam khayalan para penyanyi mahupun para penulis novel zaman sekarang, dan masih tetap dinilai sebagai suri teladan kaum kesatria,”<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode","sans-serif";">Kini makamnya menjadi salah satu destinasi kunjungan popular di Syria.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div>Boarding SMPIhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14642224153666529552noreply@blogger.com0